COMPLEX*16 or DOUBLE COMPLEX routines for triangular (or in some cases quasi-triangular) matrix

ztrcon

USAGE:
  rcond, info = NumRu::Lapack.ztrcon( norm, uplo, diag, a, [:usage => usage, :help => help])


FORTRAN MANUAL
      SUBROUTINE ZTRCON( NORM, UPLO, DIAG, N, A, LDA, RCOND, WORK, RWORK, INFO )

*  Purpose
*  =======
*
*  ZTRCON estimates the reciprocal of the condition number of a
*  triangular matrix A, in either the 1-norm or the infinity-norm.
*
*  The norm of A is computed and an estimate is obtained for
*  norm(inv(A)), then the reciprocal of the condition number is
*  computed as
*     RCOND = 1 / ( norm(A) * norm(inv(A)) ).
*

*  Arguments
*  =========
*
*  NORM    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          Specifies whether the 1-norm condition number or the
*          infinity-norm condition number is required:
*          = '1' or 'O':  1-norm;
*          = 'I':         Infinity-norm.
*
*  UPLO    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'U':  A is upper triangular;
*          = 'L':  A is lower triangular.
*
*  DIAG    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'N':  A is non-unit triangular;
*          = 'U':  A is unit triangular.
*
*  N       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrix A.  N >= 0.
*
*  A       (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA,N)
*          The triangular matrix A.  If UPLO = 'U', the leading N-by-N
*          upper triangular part of the array A contains the upper
*          triangular matrix, and the strictly lower triangular part of
*          A is not referenced.  If UPLO = 'L', the leading N-by-N lower
*          triangular part of the array A contains the lower triangular
*          matrix, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not
*          referenced.  If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are
*          also not referenced and are assumed to be 1.
*
*  LDA     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array A.  LDA >= max(1,N).
*
*  RCOND   (output) DOUBLE PRECISION
*          The reciprocal of the condition number of the matrix A,
*          computed as RCOND = 1/(norm(A) * norm(inv(A))).
*
*  WORK    (workspace) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (2*N)
*
*  RWORK   (workspace) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
*
*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
*          = 0:  successful exit
*          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*

*  =====================================================================
*


    
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ztrevc

USAGE:
  m, info, t, vl, vr = NumRu::Lapack.ztrevc( side, howmny, select, t, vl, vr, [:usage => usage, :help => help])


FORTRAN MANUAL
      SUBROUTINE ZTREVC( SIDE, HOWMNY, SELECT, N, T, LDT, VL, LDVL, VR, LDVR, MM, M, WORK, RWORK, INFO )

*  Purpose
*  =======
*
*  ZTREVC computes some or all of the right and/or left eigenvectors of
*  a complex upper triangular matrix T.
*  Matrices of this type are produced by the Schur factorization of
*  a complex general matrix:  A = Q*T*Q**H, as computed by ZHSEQR.
*  
*  The right eigenvector x and the left eigenvector y of T corresponding
*  to an eigenvalue w are defined by:
*  
*               T*x = w*x,     (y**H)*T = w*(y**H)
*  
*  where y**H denotes the conjugate transpose of the vector y.
*  The eigenvalues are not input to this routine, but are read directly
*  from the diagonal of T.
*  
*  This routine returns the matrices X and/or Y of right and left
*  eigenvectors of T, or the products Q*X and/or Q*Y, where Q is an
*  input matrix.  If Q is the unitary factor that reduces a matrix A to
*  Schur form T, then Q*X and Q*Y are the matrices of right and left
*  eigenvectors of A.
*

*  Arguments
*  =========
*
*  SIDE    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'R':  compute right eigenvectors only;
*          = 'L':  compute left eigenvectors only;
*          = 'B':  compute both right and left eigenvectors.
*
*  HOWMNY  (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'A':  compute all right and/or left eigenvectors;
*          = 'B':  compute all right and/or left eigenvectors,
*                  backtransformed using the matrices supplied in
*                  VR and/or VL;
*          = 'S':  compute selected right and/or left eigenvectors,
*                  as indicated by the logical array SELECT.
*
*  SELECT  (input) LOGICAL array, dimension (N)
*          If HOWMNY = 'S', SELECT specifies the eigenvectors to be
*          computed.
*          The eigenvector corresponding to the j-th eigenvalue is
*          computed if SELECT(j) = .TRUE..
*          Not referenced if HOWMNY = 'A' or 'B'.
*
*  N       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrix T. N >= 0.
*
*  T       (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDT,N)
*          The upper triangular matrix T.  T is modified, but restored
*          on exit.
*
*  LDT     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,N).
*
*  VL      (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDVL,MM)
*          On entry, if SIDE = 'L' or 'B' and HOWMNY = 'B', VL must
*          contain an N-by-N matrix Q (usually the unitary matrix Q of
*          Schur vectors returned by ZHSEQR).
*          On exit, if SIDE = 'L' or 'B', VL contains:
*          if HOWMNY = 'A', the matrix Y of left eigenvectors of T;
*          if HOWMNY = 'B', the matrix Q*Y;
*          if HOWMNY = 'S', the left eigenvectors of T specified by
*                           SELECT, stored consecutively in the columns
*                           of VL, in the same order as their
*                           eigenvalues.
*          Not referenced if SIDE = 'R'.
*
*  LDVL    (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array VL.  LDVL >= 1, and if
*          SIDE = 'L' or 'B', LDVL >= N.
*
*  VR      (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDVR,MM)
*          On entry, if SIDE = 'R' or 'B' and HOWMNY = 'B', VR must
*          contain an N-by-N matrix Q (usually the unitary matrix Q of
*          Schur vectors returned by ZHSEQR).
*          On exit, if SIDE = 'R' or 'B', VR contains:
*          if HOWMNY = 'A', the matrix X of right eigenvectors of T;
*          if HOWMNY = 'B', the matrix Q*X;
*          if HOWMNY = 'S', the right eigenvectors of T specified by
*                           SELECT, stored consecutively in the columns
*                           of VR, in the same order as their
*                           eigenvalues.
*          Not referenced if SIDE = 'L'.
*
*  LDVR    (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array VR.  LDVR >= 1, and if
*          SIDE = 'R' or 'B'; LDVR >= N.
*
*  MM      (input) INTEGER
*          The number of columns in the arrays VL and/or VR. MM >= M.
*
*  M       (output) INTEGER
*          The number of columns in the arrays VL and/or VR actually
*          used to store the eigenvectors.  If HOWMNY = 'A' or 'B', M
*          is set to N.  Each selected eigenvector occupies one
*          column.
*
*  WORK    (workspace) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (2*N)
*
*  RWORK   (workspace) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
*
*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
*          = 0:  successful exit
*          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*

*  Further Details
*  ===============
*
*  The algorithm used in this program is basically backward (forward)
*  substitution, with scaling to make the the code robust against
*  possible overflow.
*
*  Each eigenvector is normalized so that the element of largest
*  magnitude has magnitude 1; here the magnitude of a complex number
*  (x,y) is taken to be |x| + |y|.
*
*  =====================================================================
*


    
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ztrexc

USAGE:
  info, t, q = NumRu::Lapack.ztrexc( compq, t, q, ifst, ilst, [:usage => usage, :help => help])


FORTRAN MANUAL
      SUBROUTINE ZTREXC( COMPQ, N, T, LDT, Q, LDQ, IFST, ILST, INFO )

*  Purpose
*  =======
*
*  ZTREXC reorders the Schur factorization of a complex matrix
*  A = Q*T*Q**H, so that the diagonal element of T with row index IFST
*  is moved to row ILST.
*
*  The Schur form T is reordered by a unitary similarity transformation
*  Z**H*T*Z, and optionally the matrix Q of Schur vectors is updated by
*  postmultplying it with Z.
*

*  Arguments
*  =========
*
*  COMPQ   (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'V':  update the matrix Q of Schur vectors;
*          = 'N':  do not update Q.
*
*  N       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrix T. N >= 0.
*
*  T       (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDT,N)
*          On entry, the upper triangular matrix T.
*          On exit, the reordered upper triangular matrix.
*
*  LDT     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,N).
*
*  Q       (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDQ,N)
*          On entry, if COMPQ = 'V', the matrix Q of Schur vectors.
*          On exit, if COMPQ = 'V', Q has been postmultiplied by the
*          unitary transformation matrix Z which reorders T.
*          If COMPQ = 'N', Q is not referenced.
*
*  LDQ     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array Q.  LDQ >= max(1,N).
*
*  IFST    (input) INTEGER
*  ILST    (input) INTEGER
*          Specify the reordering of the diagonal elements of T:
*          The element with row index IFST is moved to row ILST by a
*          sequence of transpositions between adjacent elements.
*          1 <= IFST <= N; 1 <= ILST <= N.
*
*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
*          = 0:  successful exit
*          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*

*  =====================================================================
*
*     .. Local Scalars ..
      LOGICAL            WANTQ
      INTEGER            K, M1, M2, M3
      DOUBLE PRECISION   CS
      COMPLEX*16         SN, T11, T22, TEMP
*     ..
*     .. External Functions ..
      LOGICAL            LSAME
      EXTERNAL           LSAME
*     ..
*     .. External Subroutines ..
      EXTERNAL           XERBLA, ZLARTG, ZROT
*     ..
*     .. Intrinsic Functions ..
      INTRINSIC          DCONJG, MAX
*     ..


    
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ztrrfs

USAGE:
  ferr, berr, info = NumRu::Lapack.ztrrfs( uplo, trans, diag, a, b, x, [:usage => usage, :help => help])


FORTRAN MANUAL
      SUBROUTINE ZTRRFS( UPLO, TRANS, DIAG, N, NRHS, A, LDA, B, LDB, X, LDX, FERR, BERR, WORK, RWORK, INFO )

*  Purpose
*  =======
*
*  ZTRRFS provides error bounds and backward error estimates for the
*  solution to a system of linear equations with a triangular
*  coefficient matrix.
*
*  The solution matrix X must be computed by ZTRTRS or some other
*  means before entering this routine.  ZTRRFS does not do iterative
*  refinement because doing so cannot improve the backward error.
*

*  Arguments
*  =========
*
*  UPLO    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'U':  A is upper triangular;
*          = 'L':  A is lower triangular.
*
*  TRANS   (input) CHARACTER*1
*          Specifies the form of the system of equations:
*          = 'N':  A * X = B     (No transpose)
*          = 'T':  A**T * X = B  (Transpose)
*          = 'C':  A**H * X = B  (Conjugate transpose)
*
*  DIAG    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'N':  A is non-unit triangular;
*          = 'U':  A is unit triangular.
*
*  N       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrix A.  N >= 0.
*
*  NRHS    (input) INTEGER
*          The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns
*          of the matrices B and X.  NRHS >= 0.
*
*  A       (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA,N)
*          The triangular matrix A.  If UPLO = 'U', the leading N-by-N
*          upper triangular part of the array A contains the upper
*          triangular matrix, and the strictly lower triangular part of
*          A is not referenced.  If UPLO = 'L', the leading N-by-N lower
*          triangular part of the array A contains the lower triangular
*          matrix, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not
*          referenced.  If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are
*          also not referenced and are assumed to be 1.
*
*  LDA     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array A.  LDA >= max(1,N).
*
*  B       (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDB,NRHS)
*          The right hand side matrix B.
*
*  LDB     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array B.  LDB >= max(1,N).
*
*  X       (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDX,NRHS)
*          The solution matrix X.
*
*  LDX     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array X.  LDX >= max(1,N).
*
*  FERR    (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (NRHS)
*          The estimated forward error bound for each solution vector
*          X(j) (the j-th column of the solution matrix X).
*          If XTRUE is the true solution corresponding to X(j), FERR(j)
*          is an estimated upper bound for the magnitude of the largest
*          element in (X(j) - XTRUE) divided by the magnitude of the
*          largest element in X(j).  The estimate is as reliable as
*          the estimate for RCOND, and is almost always a slight
*          overestimate of the true error.
*
*  BERR    (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (NRHS)
*          The componentwise relative backward error of each solution
*          vector X(j) (i.e., the smallest relative change in
*          any element of A or B that makes X(j) an exact solution).
*
*  WORK    (workspace) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (2*N)
*
*  RWORK   (workspace) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
*
*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
*          = 0:  successful exit
*          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*

*  =====================================================================
*


    
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ztrsen

USAGE:
  w, m, s, sep, work, info, t, q = NumRu::Lapack.ztrsen( job, compq, select, t, q, [:lwork => lwork, :usage => usage, :help => help])


FORTRAN MANUAL
      SUBROUTINE ZTRSEN( JOB, COMPQ, SELECT, N, T, LDT, Q, LDQ, W, M, S, SEP, WORK, LWORK, INFO )

*  Purpose
*  =======
*
*  ZTRSEN reorders the Schur factorization of a complex matrix
*  A = Q*T*Q**H, so that a selected cluster of eigenvalues appears in
*  the leading positions on the diagonal of the upper triangular matrix
*  T, and the leading columns of Q form an orthonormal basis of the
*  corresponding right invariant subspace.
*
*  Optionally the routine computes the reciprocal condition numbers of
*  the cluster of eigenvalues and/or the invariant subspace.
*

*  Arguments
*  =========
*
*  JOB     (input) CHARACTER*1
*          Specifies whether condition numbers are required for the
*          cluster of eigenvalues (S) or the invariant subspace (SEP):
*          = 'N': none;
*          = 'E': for eigenvalues only (S);
*          = 'V': for invariant subspace only (SEP);
*          = 'B': for both eigenvalues and invariant subspace (S and
*                 SEP).
*
*  COMPQ   (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'V': update the matrix Q of Schur vectors;
*          = 'N': do not update Q.
*
*  SELECT  (input) LOGICAL array, dimension (N)
*          SELECT specifies the eigenvalues in the selected cluster. To
*          select the j-th eigenvalue, SELECT(j) must be set to .TRUE..
*
*  N       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrix T. N >= 0.
*
*  T       (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDT,N)
*          On entry, the upper triangular matrix T.
*          On exit, T is overwritten by the reordered matrix T, with the
*          selected eigenvalues as the leading diagonal elements.
*
*  LDT     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,N).
*
*  Q       (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDQ,N)
*          On entry, if COMPQ = 'V', the matrix Q of Schur vectors.
*          On exit, if COMPQ = 'V', Q has been postmultiplied by the
*          unitary transformation matrix which reorders T; the leading M
*          columns of Q form an orthonormal basis for the specified
*          invariant subspace.
*          If COMPQ = 'N', Q is not referenced.
*
*  LDQ     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array Q.
*          LDQ >= 1; and if COMPQ = 'V', LDQ >= N.
*
*  W       (output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (N)
*          The reordered eigenvalues of T, in the same order as they
*          appear on the diagonal of T.
*
*  M       (output) INTEGER
*          The dimension of the specified invariant subspace.
*          0 <= M <= N.
*
*  S       (output) DOUBLE PRECISION
*          If JOB = 'E' or 'B', S is a lower bound on the reciprocal
*          condition number for the selected cluster of eigenvalues.
*          S cannot underestimate the true reciprocal condition number
*          by more than a factor of sqrt(N). If M = 0 or N, S = 1.
*          If JOB = 'N' or 'V', S is not referenced.
*
*  SEP     (output) DOUBLE PRECISION
*          If JOB = 'V' or 'B', SEP is the estimated reciprocal
*          condition number of the specified invariant subspace. If
*          M = 0 or N, SEP = norm(T).
*          If JOB = 'N' or 'E', SEP is not referenced.
*
*  WORK    (workspace/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
*          On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.
*
*  LWORK   (input) INTEGER
*          The dimension of the array WORK.
*          If JOB = 'N', LWORK >= 1;
*          if JOB = 'E', LWORK = max(1,M*(N-M));
*          if JOB = 'V' or 'B', LWORK >= max(1,2*M*(N-M)).
*
*          If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
*          only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns
*          this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error
*          message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.
*
*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
*          = 0:  successful exit
*          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*

*  Further Details
*  ===============
*
*  ZTRSEN first collects the selected eigenvalues by computing a unitary
*  transformation Z to move them to the top left corner of T. In other
*  words, the selected eigenvalues are the eigenvalues of T11 in:
*
*                Z'*T*Z = ( T11 T12 ) n1
*                         (  0  T22 ) n2
*                            n1  n2
*
*  where N = n1+n2 and Z' means the conjugate transpose of Z. The first
*  n1 columns of Z span the specified invariant subspace of T.
*
*  If T has been obtained from the Schur factorization of a matrix
*  A = Q*T*Q', then the reordered Schur factorization of A is given by
*  A = (Q*Z)*(Z'*T*Z)*(Q*Z)', and the first n1 columns of Q*Z span the
*  corresponding invariant subspace of A.
*
*  The reciprocal condition number of the average of the eigenvalues of
*  T11 may be returned in S. S lies between 0 (very badly conditioned)
*  and 1 (very well conditioned). It is computed as follows. First we
*  compute R so that
*
*                         P = ( I  R ) n1
*                             ( 0  0 ) n2
*                               n1 n2
*
*  is the projector on the invariant subspace associated with T11.
*  R is the solution of the Sylvester equation:
*
*                        T11*R - R*T22 = T12.
*
*  Let F-norm(M) denote the Frobenius-norm of M and 2-norm(M) denote
*  the two-norm of M. Then S is computed as the lower bound
*
*                      (1 + F-norm(R)**2)**(-1/2)
*
*  on the reciprocal of 2-norm(P), the true reciprocal condition number.
*  S cannot underestimate 1 / 2-norm(P) by more than a factor of
*  sqrt(N).
*
*  An approximate error bound for the computed average of the
*  eigenvalues of T11 is
*
*                         EPS * norm(T) / S
*
*  where EPS is the machine precision.
*
*  The reciprocal condition number of the right invariant subspace
*  spanned by the first n1 columns of Z (or of Q*Z) is returned in SEP.
*  SEP is defined as the separation of T11 and T22:
*
*                     sep( T11, T22 ) = sigma-min( C )
*
*  where sigma-min(C) is the smallest singular value of the
*  n1*n2-by-n1*n2 matrix
*
*     C  = kprod( I(n2), T11 ) - kprod( transpose(T22), I(n1) )
*
*  I(m) is an m by m identity matrix, and kprod denotes the Kronecker
*  product. We estimate sigma-min(C) by the reciprocal of an estimate of
*  the 1-norm of inverse(C). The true reciprocal 1-norm of inverse(C)
*  cannot differ from sigma-min(C) by more than a factor of sqrt(n1*n2).
*
*  When SEP is small, small changes in T can cause large changes in
*  the invariant subspace. An approximate bound on the maximum angular
*  error in the computed right invariant subspace is
*
*                      EPS * norm(T) / SEP
*
*  =====================================================================
*


    
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ztrsna

USAGE:
  s, sep, m, info = NumRu::Lapack.ztrsna( job, howmny, select, t, vl, vr, [:usage => usage, :help => help])


FORTRAN MANUAL
      SUBROUTINE ZTRSNA( JOB, HOWMNY, SELECT, N, T, LDT, VL, LDVL, VR, LDVR, S, SEP, MM, M, WORK, LDWORK, RWORK, INFO )

*  Purpose
*  =======
*
*  ZTRSNA estimates reciprocal condition numbers for specified
*  eigenvalues and/or right eigenvectors of a complex upper triangular
*  matrix T (or of any matrix Q*T*Q**H with Q unitary).
*

*  Arguments
*  =========
*
*  JOB     (input) CHARACTER*1
*          Specifies whether condition numbers are required for
*          eigenvalues (S) or eigenvectors (SEP):
*          = 'E': for eigenvalues only (S);
*          = 'V': for eigenvectors only (SEP);
*          = 'B': for both eigenvalues and eigenvectors (S and SEP).
*
*  HOWMNY  (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'A': compute condition numbers for all eigenpairs;
*          = 'S': compute condition numbers for selected eigenpairs
*                 specified by the array SELECT.
*
*  SELECT  (input) LOGICAL array, dimension (N)
*          If HOWMNY = 'S', SELECT specifies the eigenpairs for which
*          condition numbers are required. To select condition numbers
*          for the j-th eigenpair, SELECT(j) must be set to .TRUE..
*          If HOWMNY = 'A', SELECT is not referenced.
*
*  N       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrix T. N >= 0.
*
*  T       (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDT,N)
*          The upper triangular matrix T.
*
*  LDT     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array T. LDT >= max(1,N).
*
*  VL      (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDVL,M)
*          If JOB = 'E' or 'B', VL must contain left eigenvectors of T
*          (or of any Q*T*Q**H with Q unitary), corresponding to the
*          eigenpairs specified by HOWMNY and SELECT. The eigenvectors
*          must be stored in consecutive columns of VL, as returned by
*          ZHSEIN or ZTREVC.
*          If JOB = 'V', VL is not referenced.
*
*  LDVL    (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array VL.
*          LDVL >= 1; and if JOB = 'E' or 'B', LDVL >= N.
*
*  VR      (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDVR,M)
*          If JOB = 'E' or 'B', VR must contain right eigenvectors of T
*          (or of any Q*T*Q**H with Q unitary), corresponding to the
*          eigenpairs specified by HOWMNY and SELECT. The eigenvectors
*          must be stored in consecutive columns of VR, as returned by
*          ZHSEIN or ZTREVC.
*          If JOB = 'V', VR is not referenced.
*
*  LDVR    (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array VR.
*          LDVR >= 1; and if JOB = 'E' or 'B', LDVR >= N.
*
*  S       (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (MM)
*          If JOB = 'E' or 'B', the reciprocal condition numbers of the
*          selected eigenvalues, stored in consecutive elements of the
*          array. Thus S(j), SEP(j), and the j-th columns of VL and VR
*          all correspond to the same eigenpair (but not in general the
*          j-th eigenpair, unless all eigenpairs are selected).
*          If JOB = 'V', S is not referenced.
*
*  SEP     (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (MM)
*          If JOB = 'V' or 'B', the estimated reciprocal condition
*          numbers of the selected eigenvectors, stored in consecutive
*          elements of the array.
*          If JOB = 'E', SEP is not referenced.
*
*  MM      (input) INTEGER
*          The number of elements in the arrays S (if JOB = 'E' or 'B')
*           and/or SEP (if JOB = 'V' or 'B'). MM >= M.
*
*  M       (output) INTEGER
*          The number of elements of the arrays S and/or SEP actually
*          used to store the estimated condition numbers.
*          If HOWMNY = 'A', M is set to N.
*
*  WORK    (workspace) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDWORK,N+6)
*          If JOB = 'E', WORK is not referenced.
*
*  LDWORK  (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array WORK.
*          LDWORK >= 1; and if JOB = 'V' or 'B', LDWORK >= N.
*
*  RWORK   (workspace) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
*          If JOB = 'E', RWORK is not referenced.
*
*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
*          = 0: successful exit
*          < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*

*  Further Details
*  ===============
*
*  The reciprocal of the condition number of an eigenvalue lambda is
*  defined as
*
*          S(lambda) = |v'*u| / (norm(u)*norm(v))
*
*  where u and v are the right and left eigenvectors of T corresponding
*  to lambda; v' denotes the conjugate transpose of v, and norm(u)
*  denotes the Euclidean norm. These reciprocal condition numbers always
*  lie between zero (very badly conditioned) and one (very well
*  conditioned). If n = 1, S(lambda) is defined to be 1.
*
*  An approximate error bound for a computed eigenvalue W(i) is given by
*
*                      EPS * norm(T) / S(i)
*
*  where EPS is the machine precision.
*
*  The reciprocal of the condition number of the right eigenvector u
*  corresponding to lambda is defined as follows. Suppose
*
*              T = ( lambda  c  )
*                  (   0    T22 )
*
*  Then the reciprocal condition number is
*
*          SEP( lambda, T22 ) = sigma-min( T22 - lambda*I )
*
*  where sigma-min denotes the smallest singular value. We approximate
*  the smallest singular value by the reciprocal of an estimate of the
*  one-norm of the inverse of T22 - lambda*I. If n = 1, SEP(1) is
*  defined to be abs(T(1,1)).
*
*  An approximate error bound for a computed right eigenvector VR(i)
*  is given by
*
*                      EPS * norm(T) / SEP(i)
*
*  =====================================================================
*


    
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ztrsyl

USAGE:
  scale, info, c = NumRu::Lapack.ztrsyl( trana, tranb, isgn, a, b, c, [:usage => usage, :help => help])


FORTRAN MANUAL
      SUBROUTINE ZTRSYL( TRANA, TRANB, ISGN, M, N, A, LDA, B, LDB, C, LDC, SCALE, INFO )

*  Purpose
*  =======
*
*  ZTRSYL solves the complex Sylvester matrix equation:
*
*     op(A)*X + X*op(B) = scale*C or
*     op(A)*X - X*op(B) = scale*C,
*
*  where op(A) = A or A**H, and A and B are both upper triangular. A is
*  M-by-M and B is N-by-N; the right hand side C and the solution X are
*  M-by-N; and scale is an output scale factor, set <= 1 to avoid
*  overflow in X.
*

*  Arguments
*  =========
*
*  TRANA   (input) CHARACTER*1
*          Specifies the option op(A):
*          = 'N': op(A) = A    (No transpose)
*          = 'C': op(A) = A**H (Conjugate transpose)
*
*  TRANB   (input) CHARACTER*1
*          Specifies the option op(B):
*          = 'N': op(B) = B    (No transpose)
*          = 'C': op(B) = B**H (Conjugate transpose)
*
*  ISGN    (input) INTEGER
*          Specifies the sign in the equation:
*          = +1: solve op(A)*X + X*op(B) = scale*C
*          = -1: solve op(A)*X - X*op(B) = scale*C
*
*  M       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrix A, and the number of rows in the
*          matrices X and C. M >= 0.
*
*  N       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrix B, and the number of columns in the
*          matrices X and C. N >= 0.
*
*  A       (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA,M)
*          The upper triangular matrix A.
*
*  LDA     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M).
*
*  B       (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDB,N)
*          The upper triangular matrix B.
*
*  LDB     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N).
*
*  C       (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDC,N)
*          On entry, the M-by-N right hand side matrix C.
*          On exit, C is overwritten by the solution matrix X.
*
*  LDC     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1,M)
*
*  SCALE   (output) DOUBLE PRECISION
*          The scale factor, scale, set <= 1 to avoid overflow in X.
*
*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
*          = 0: successful exit
*          < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*          = 1: A and B have common or very close eigenvalues; perturbed
*               values were used to solve the equation (but the matrices
*               A and B are unchanged).
*

*  =====================================================================
*


    
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ztrti2

USAGE:
  info, a = NumRu::Lapack.ztrti2( uplo, diag, a, [:usage => usage, :help => help])


FORTRAN MANUAL
      SUBROUTINE ZTRTI2( UPLO, DIAG, N, A, LDA, INFO )

*  Purpose
*  =======
*
*  ZTRTI2 computes the inverse of a complex upper or lower triangular
*  matrix.
*
*  This is the Level 2 BLAS version of the algorithm.
*

*  Arguments
*  =========
*
*  UPLO    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          Specifies whether the matrix A is upper or lower triangular.
*          = 'U':  Upper triangular
*          = 'L':  Lower triangular
*
*  DIAG    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          Specifies whether or not the matrix A is unit triangular.
*          = 'N':  Non-unit triangular
*          = 'U':  Unit triangular
*
*  N       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrix A.  N >= 0.
*
*  A       (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA,N)
*          On entry, the triangular matrix A.  If UPLO = 'U', the
*          leading n by n upper triangular part of the array A contains
*          the upper triangular matrix, and the strictly lower
*          triangular part of A is not referenced.  If UPLO = 'L', the
*          leading n by n lower triangular part of the array A contains
*          the lower triangular matrix, and the strictly upper
*          triangular part of A is not referenced.  If DIAG = 'U', the
*          diagonal elements of A are also not referenced and are
*          assumed to be 1.
*
*          On exit, the (triangular) inverse of the original matrix, in
*          the same storage format.
*
*  LDA     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array A.  LDA >= max(1,N).
*
*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
*          = 0: successful exit
*          < 0: if INFO = -k, the k-th argument had an illegal value
*

*  =====================================================================
*


    
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ztrtri

USAGE:
  info, a = NumRu::Lapack.ztrtri( uplo, diag, a, [:usage => usage, :help => help])


FORTRAN MANUAL
      SUBROUTINE ZTRTRI( UPLO, DIAG, N, A, LDA, INFO )

*  Purpose
*  =======
*
*  ZTRTRI computes the inverse of a complex upper or lower triangular
*  matrix A.
*
*  This is the Level 3 BLAS version of the algorithm.
*

*  Arguments
*  =========
*
*  UPLO    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'U':  A is upper triangular;
*          = 'L':  A is lower triangular.
*
*  DIAG    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'N':  A is non-unit triangular;
*          = 'U':  A is unit triangular.
*
*  N       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrix A.  N >= 0.
*
*  A       (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA,N)
*          On entry, the triangular matrix A.  If UPLO = 'U', the
*          leading N-by-N upper triangular part of the array A contains
*          the upper triangular matrix, and the strictly lower
*          triangular part of A is not referenced.  If UPLO = 'L', the
*          leading N-by-N lower triangular part of the array A contains
*          the lower triangular matrix, and the strictly upper
*          triangular part of A is not referenced.  If DIAG = 'U', the
*          diagonal elements of A are also not referenced and are
*          assumed to be 1.
*          On exit, the (triangular) inverse of the original matrix, in
*          the same storage format.
*
*  LDA     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array A.  LDA >= max(1,N).
*
*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
*          = 0: successful exit
*          < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*          > 0: if INFO = i, A(i,i) is exactly zero.  The triangular
*               matrix is singular and its inverse can not be computed.
*

*  =====================================================================
*


    
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ztrtrs

USAGE:
  info, b = NumRu::Lapack.ztrtrs( uplo, trans, diag, a, b, [:usage => usage, :help => help])


FORTRAN MANUAL
      SUBROUTINE ZTRTRS( UPLO, TRANS, DIAG, N, NRHS, A, LDA, B, LDB, INFO )

*  Purpose
*  =======
*
*  ZTRTRS solves a triangular system of the form
*
*     A * X = B,  A**T * X = B,  or  A**H * X = B,
*
*  where A is a triangular matrix of order N, and B is an N-by-NRHS
*  matrix.  A check is made to verify that A is nonsingular.
*

*  Arguments
*  =========
*
*  UPLO    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'U':  A is upper triangular;
*          = 'L':  A is lower triangular.
*
*  TRANS   (input) CHARACTER*1
*          Specifies the form of the system of equations:
*          = 'N':  A * X = B     (No transpose)
*          = 'T':  A**T * X = B  (Transpose)
*          = 'C':  A**H * X = B  (Conjugate transpose)
*
*  DIAG    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'N':  A is non-unit triangular;
*          = 'U':  A is unit triangular.
*
*  N       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrix A.  N >= 0.
*
*  NRHS    (input) INTEGER
*          The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns
*          of the matrix B.  NRHS >= 0.
*
*  A       (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA,N)
*          The triangular matrix A.  If UPLO = 'U', the leading N-by-N
*          upper triangular part of the array A contains the upper
*          triangular matrix, and the strictly lower triangular part of
*          A is not referenced.  If UPLO = 'L', the leading N-by-N lower
*          triangular part of the array A contains the lower triangular
*          matrix, and the strictly upper triangular part of A is not
*          referenced.  If DIAG = 'U', the diagonal elements of A are
*          also not referenced and are assumed to be 1.
*
*  LDA     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array A.  LDA >= max(1,N).
*
*  B       (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDB,NRHS)
*          On entry, the right hand side matrix B.
*          On exit, if INFO = 0, the solution matrix X.
*
*  LDB     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array B.  LDB >= max(1,N).
*
*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
*          = 0:  successful exit
*          < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*          > 0: if INFO = i, the i-th diagonal element of A is zero,
*               indicating that the matrix is singular and the solutions
*               X have not been computed.
*

*  =====================================================================
*


    
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ztrttf

USAGE:
  arf, info = NumRu::Lapack.ztrttf( transr, uplo, a, [:usage => usage, :help => help])


FORTRAN MANUAL
      SUBROUTINE ZTRTTF( TRANSR, UPLO, N, A, LDA, ARF, INFO )

*  Purpose
*  =======
*
*  ZTRTTF copies a triangular matrix A from standard full format (TR)
*  to rectangular full packed format (TF) .
*

*  Arguments
*  =========
*
*  TRANSR   (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'N':  ARF in Normal mode is wanted;
*          = 'C':  ARF in Conjugate Transpose mode is wanted;
*
*  UPLO    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'U':  A is upper triangular;
*          = 'L':  A is lower triangular.
*
*  N       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrix A.  N >= 0.
*
*  A       (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension ( LDA, N ) 
*          On entry, the triangular matrix A.  If UPLO = 'U', the
*          leading N-by-N upper triangular part of the array A contains
*          the upper triangular matrix, and the strictly lower
*          triangular part of A is not referenced.  If UPLO = 'L', the
*          leading N-by-N lower triangular part of the array A contains
*          the lower triangular matrix, and the strictly upper
*          triangular part of A is not referenced.
*
*  LDA     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the matrix A.  LDA >= max(1,N).
*
*  ARF     (output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ),
*          On exit, the upper or lower triangular matrix A stored in
*          RFP format. For a further discussion see Notes below.
*
*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
*          = 0:  successful exit
*          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*

*  Further Details
*  ===============
*
*  We first consider Standard Packed Format when N is even.
*  We give an example where N = 6.
*
*      AP is Upper             AP is Lower
*
*   00 01 02 03 04 05       00
*      11 12 13 14 15       10 11
*         22 23 24 25       20 21 22
*            33 34 35       30 31 32 33
*               44 45       40 41 42 43 44
*                  55       50 51 52 53 54 55
*
*
*  Let TRANSR = `N'. RFP holds AP as follows:
*  For UPLO = `U' the upper trapezoid A(0:5,0:2) consists of the last
*  three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(4:6,0:2) consists of
*  conjugate-transpose of the first three columns of AP upper.
*  For UPLO = `L' the lower trapezoid A(1:6,0:2) consists of the first
*  three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:2,0:2) consists of
*  conjugate-transpose of the last three columns of AP lower.
*  To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the
*  case N even and TRANSR = `N'.
*
*         RFP A                   RFP A
*
*                                -- -- --
*        03 04 05                33 43 53
*                                   -- --
*        13 14 15                00 44 54
*                                      --
*        23 24 25                10 11 55
*
*        33 34 35                20 21 22
*        --
*        00 44 45                30 31 32
*        -- --
*        01 11 55                40 41 42
*        -- -- --
*        02 12 22                50 51 52
*
*  Now let TRANSR = `C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate-
*  transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets:
*
*
*           RFP A                   RFP A
*
*     -- -- -- --                -- -- -- -- -- --
*     03 13 23 33 00 01 02    33 00 10 20 30 40 50
*     -- -- -- -- --                -- -- -- -- --
*     04 14 24 34 44 11 12    43 44 11 21 31 41 51
*     -- -- -- -- -- --                -- -- -- --
*     05 15 25 35 45 55 22    53 54 55 22 32 42 52
*
*
*  We next  consider Standard Packed Format when N is odd.
*  We give an example where N = 5.
*
*     AP is Upper                 AP is Lower
*
*   00 01 02 03 04              00
*      11 12 13 14              10 11
*         22 23 24              20 21 22
*            33 34              30 31 32 33
*               44              40 41 42 43 44
*
*
*  Let TRANSR = `N'. RFP holds AP as follows:
*  For UPLO = `U' the upper trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the last
*  three columns of AP upper. The lower triangle A(3:4,0:1) consists of
*  conjugate-transpose of the first two   columns of AP upper.
*  For UPLO = `L' the lower trapezoid A(0:4,0:2) consists of the first
*  three columns of AP lower. The upper triangle A(0:1,1:2) consists of
*  conjugate-transpose of the last two   columns of AP lower.
*  To denote conjugate we place -- above the element. This covers the
*  case N odd  and TRANSR = `N'.
*
*         RFP A                   RFP A
*
*                                   -- --
*        02 03 04                00 33 43
*                                      --
*        12 13 14                10 11 44
*
*        22 23 24                20 21 22
*        --
*        00 33 34                30 31 32
*        -- --
*        01 11 44                40 41 42
*
*  Now let TRANSR = `C'. RFP A in both UPLO cases is just the conjugate-
*  transpose of RFP A above. One therefore gets:
*
*
*           RFP A                   RFP A
*
*     -- -- --                   -- -- -- -- -- --
*     02 12 22 00 01             00 10 20 30 40 50
*     -- -- -- --                   -- -- -- -- --
*     03 13 23 33 11             33 11 21 31 41 51
*     -- -- -- -- --                   -- -- -- --
*     04 14 24 34 44             43 44 22 32 42 52
*
*  =====================================================================
*


    
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ztrttp

USAGE:
  ap, info = NumRu::Lapack.ztrttp( uplo, a, [:usage => usage, :help => help])


FORTRAN MANUAL
      SUBROUTINE ZTRTTP( UPLO, N, A, LDA, AP, INFO )

*  Purpose
*  =======
*
*  ZTRTTP copies a triangular matrix A from full format (TR) to standard
*  packed format (TP).
*

*  Arguments
*  =========
*
*  UPLO    (input) CHARACTER*1
*          = 'U':  A is upper triangular;
*          = 'L':  A is lower triangular.
*
*  N       (input) INTEGER
*          The order of the matrices AP and A.  N >= 0.
*
*  A       (input) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA,N)
*          On entry, the triangular matrix A.  If UPLO = 'U', the leading
*          N-by-N upper triangular part of A contains the upper
*          triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly lower
*          triangular part of A is not referenced.  If UPLO = 'L', the
*          leading N-by-N lower triangular part of A contains the lower
*          triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly upper
*          triangular part of A is not referenced.
*
*  LDA     (input) INTEGER
*          The leading dimension of the array A.  LDA >= max(1,N).
*
*  AP      (output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension ( N*(N+1)/2 ),
*          On exit, the upper or lower triangular matrix A, packed
*          columnwise in a linear array. The j-th column of A is stored
*          in the array AP as follows:
*          if UPLO = 'U', AP(i + (j-1)*j/2) = A(i,j) for 1<=i<=j;
*          if UPLO = 'L', AP(i + (j-1)*(2n-j)/2) = A(i,j) for j<=i<=n.
*
*  INFO    (output) INTEGER
*          = 0:  successful exit
*          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
*

*  =====================================================================
*


    
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